More than two years after the invasion, Russian President Vladimir Putin shows no sign of stopping, Cavoli said. "Russia does not intend to stop with Ukraine," he said. "Russia presents a chronic threat." European Command is responding to the threat to NATO by enhancing its deterrence posture across Europe.

In 2000 Putin told George Robertson, the Secretary General of NATO at that time, that he wanted Russia to join NATO but would not like to go through the usual application process. In 2001, following the September 11 attacks against the United States, Russian President Vladimir Putin reached out to President George W.

The authors concluded Russia could sustain its current rate of attrition for up to three years and maybe longer.